The M23 rebel group has reclaimed its position as the deadliest armed faction in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), accounting for at least 114 civilian deaths in June alone, according to the latest Kivu Security Tracker (KST) report.

In June, the KST documented 247 security incidents across Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu provinces—a 19% decline from May’s 305 incidents. However, this reduction masks a troubling shift in violence patterns, the report warns.

M23 is held responsible for 114 civilian fatalities and 17 abductions in June, marking the highest monthly toll since December 2025, when the rebellion seized control of Uvira. Analysts attribute this surge to renewed offensives in Masisi and Rutshuru territories, where civilians accused of collaborating with Wazalendo forces or the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) were targeted. At least 48 bodies were recovered in Bibwe village, Masisi territory, following an M23 operation against FDLR militants, with victims reportedly killed by shell fragments.

Over the month, the KST recorded 115 armed clashes, 46 of which were initiated by M23—constituting 40% of all documented combat incidents.

In Ituri, the Popular Revolution Convention (CRP) showed reduced activity following its unilateral ceasefire in May, ahead of potential talks with the Congolese government mediated by Uganda.

The report also notes the Cooperative for Development of the Congo (Codeco) militia’s announcement of its transformation into a politico-military movement, seeking political recognition and internal cohesion.

The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) continued their campaign of violence, responsible for 62 civilian deaths and 57 abductions in June. Their influence has expanded beyond traditional strongholds into Haut-Uele province.